IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS IN MAHENDERGARH’S WATER SOURCES: A FOCUS ON FLUORIDE, NITRATE, AND HEAVY METALS

Abstract

The quality of water sources in Mahendergarh, Haryana, has raised significant concerns due to the presence of various contaminants, particularly fluoride, nitrate, and heavy metals. This study aims to identify and analyze the physico-chemical and microbiological contaminants in groundwater and surface water sources across the region. Fluoride, nitrate, and heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium are commonly found in water bodies, posing serious health risks to local populations. The presence of these contaminants can result from natural geological formations, agricultural runoff, industrial effluents, and inadequate sanitation practices. A comprehensive water quality assessment was conducted, including testing for key physical parameters (e.g., temperature, pH, turbidity), chemical parameters (e.g., fluoride, nitrate concentrations, heavy metals), and microbiological indicators (e.g., bacterial contamination). The findings reveal varying levels of contamination across different water sources, with specific areas exhibiting concentrations above the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The study underscores the need for sustainable water management practices and appropriate treatment technologies to mitigate health risks associated with contaminated water sources. Effective policy interventions and public awareness campaigns are essential to safeguard the water resources and public health in Mahendergarh.