Gender, Performance, and Oppression: The Role of Female Attire in Bacha Bazi Rituals
Keywords:
Bacha Bazi, Gender performance, Oppression, Female attire, Masquerade and identity, Child exploitation, Gender roles,Sexual violence, Cultural rituals, Symbolism of clothing, Femininity as performance, Gender-based power dynamics, Patriarchal structures, Male gaze, Social constructs of genderAbstract
This research paper explores the symbolic and functional role of female attire in the controversial and abusive practice of Bacha Bazi, predominantly found in Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia. Bacha Bazi involves the forced feminization of young boys who are dressed in ornate female clothing, made to dance, and often subjected to sexual exploitation by older men. Drawing on gender performance theory, particularly the work of Judith Butler, this paper analyzes how the adoption of female attire in Bacha Bazi rituals is a calculated mechanism of gender performance, domination, and objectification. The practice not only dehumanizes and eroticizes the child but also reflects broader societal contempt for femininity and entrenched patriarchal norms. By examining historical contexts, theoretical frameworks, and cultural implications, this study reveals how clothing serves as both a symbol and tool of oppression, reinforcing toxic masculinities and perpetuating cycles of abuse. The paper calls for a critical reassessment of gender norms and societal values to dismantle the systems enabling such exploitation.
