Biodiversity and Seasonal Dynamics of Butterflies in Sariska National Park

Abstract

This research explores the biodiversity and seasonal dynamics of butterflies in Sariska National Park, focusing on seasonal variations, habitat preferences, and the ecological roles butterflies play within the park. Sariska, situated in the Aravalli range of Rajasthan, India, is home to a rich variety of ecosystems, including dry deciduous forests, grasslands, wetlands, and riparian zones. This diversity supports a range of butterfly species, which are sensitive to environmental changes and act as bioindicators of ecosystem health. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the seasonal turnover of butterfly populations, which is influenced by temperature, rainfall, and availability of nectar and host plants. Using field data from 2022 to 2024, the research analyzes the butterfly species richness, abundance, and diversity across different seasons (spring, summer, monsoon, and winter). The study shows that while the monsoon season sees the highest species richness and abundance, the winter months act as a bottleneck, limiting the butterfly populations to cold-tolerant species. Generalist species, such as Eurema hecabe and Danaus chrysippus, thrive throughout the year, while specialists, such as Tirumala limniace and Papilio polytes, are more seasonally dependent. This seasonal variation highlights the need for multi-seasonal monitoring to accurately assess butterfly biodiversity and guide effective conservation strategies.